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Solar Orbiter

联合发射联盟 (ULA) · 宇宙神 V 411 · 41 号发射工位 (SLC-41)

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任务简介

太阳轨道器(Solar Orbiter)是欧空局(ESA)与美国国家航空航天局(NASA)联合执行的任务,致力于太阳和日球层物理学研究。它将用于研究太阳如何产生并控制日球层——即太阳风将带电粒子吹入星际介质所形成的巨大气泡。该航天器将结合原位观测和遥感观测,获取关于太阳风、日球层磁场、太阳高能粒子、瞬态行星际扰动以及太阳磁场的新信息。 载荷包括: * 太阳风分析仪(SWA) * 高能粒子探测器(EPD) * 磁力计(MAG) * 射电和等离子体波分析仪(RPW) * 偏振与日震成像仪(PHI) * 极紫外成像仪(EUI) * 日冕环境光谱成像仪(SPICE) * X射线成像光谱望远镜(STIX) * 日冕仪(Metis) 虽然该任务并不打算像帕克太阳探测器(Parker Solar Probe)那样靠近太阳,但它旨在协调观测并配备不同的仪器组。主要任务始于2021年11月唯一一次地球飞越之后,持续至2026年12月进入扩展阶段。在任务期间,太阳轨道器将经历多次金星引力辅助,其轨道将高度倾斜,从而能够直接观测太阳的两极。

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Solar Orbiter

Solar Orbiter is a joint ESA/NASA mission dedicated to solar and heliospheric physics. It will be used to examine how the Sun creates and controls the heliosphere, the vast bubble of charged particles blown by the solar wind into the interstellar medium. The spacecraft will combine in situ and remote sensing observations to gain new information about the solar wind, the heliospheric magnetic field, solar energetic particles, transient interplanetary disturbances and the Sun's magnetic field. Instruments include: * Solar Wind Analyser (SWA) * Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) * Magnetometer (MAG) * Radio and Plasma Wave analyser (RPW) * Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (PHI) * Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) * Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment (SPICE) * Spectrometer Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) * Coronagraph (Metis) While mission is not intended to get as close to the Sun as Parker Solar Probe, it's designed to coordinate observations and has different set of instruments. Main mission starts after one and only Earth flyby in November 2021, and lasts until Dec 2026 when it enters extended phase. During the mission, Solar Orbiter will get through numerous Venus gravity assists, and its trajectory will be highly inclined allowing direct observations of Sun's poles.

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